The Rules (open to revision):
- Human evolution (animal domestication, land settlement) , develepmont (democracy, markets, science) and carnist detractors are the constant.
- All attempts at extending rights, welfare, care to animals are weighed and judged on the butterfly effect they had/will have on lasting numbers of people reducing their animal consumption.
- Three lists of 25, 50 and a 100 turning points in history, entry to the shorter lists dependent on how convincing you argue your case to no objections.
__________
Short List of 25
Approximately 500 B.C.E, the emergence of a philosophy of non-violence called "Ahimsa becomes the concept that describes the highest virtue" in Hinduism, Jainism and soon to influence Buddhism, Taoism and all of South East Asia.
Approximately 500 B.C.E., the Pythagorean diet is practised. Influences Platoists, Greek and Roman Stoics.
418CE, Siddhartha Gautama: Mahaparinirvana Sutra, translated and disseminated, fiercely rejects the consumption of any meat,
675, Emperor Tenmu: banned the consumption of meat due to Buddhist influences. This ban was renewed by succeeding emperors throughout Asuka period of classical civilization.
Neo-Confucianists of the Sung Dynasty (960-1279) and taken even further by Wang Yang-Ming, of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). In China and Asia in the Middle Ages were Taoism and Confucianism. While Confucianism didn’t have any explicit teachings on animals per se, Mencius, an influential follower of Confucius said that kindness or love should be extended to all things daily based upon the fact of the “inability to bear the suffering of others” being a distinguishing characteristic of humans.
Taoism’s founder Lao Tzu taught that everything alive in the universe (plants,animals, people) shared in a universal life-force. Louis Komjathy, states that: “Emphasis on the importance of freedom and wildness for animal flourishing, whether human or “non-human.” Priests and those wanting to purify themselves, however, would adopt and/or maintain a vegetarian diet.
1866 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Founded.
1975, Peter Singer: speciesism is applied to utilitarianism.
1980, PETA Founded
1983, Tom Regan: A deontological argument for animal rights: ‘animals are the subject-of-a-life and possess inherent value’.
1993, Vegan Outreach: Founded
1995, Gary Francione: ‘the abolitionist approach’ to animal rights emerges.
2001, Melanie Joy: Beyond Carnism, a psychological explanation for meat-eating culture
2005, Earthlings
2005, Campbell's The China Study
2010 Gary Yourofsky: Best Speech You Will Ever Hear
2011, Forks over Knives
2013 Beyond Meat products become available nationwide.
2014 Cowspiracy
Present, Celebrities: Morrisey, Joaquin Phoenix, Ellen DeGeneres, Moby and Kat Von D.
Present, Youtubers?: Freelee, FullyRawKristina, Vegan Gains, Unnatural Vegan, TheVeganAtheist...
__________
Medium List of 50
Approximately 500 B.C.E, the emergence of a philosophy of non-violence called "Ahimsa becomes the concept that describes the highest virtue" in Hinduism, Jainism and soon to influence Buddhism, Taoism and all of South East Asia.
Approximately 500 B.C.E., the Pythagorean diet is practised. Influences Platoists, Greek and Roman Stoics.
46 CE Plutarch: Writes On the Eating of Flesh
205 CE Plotinus: taught that all animals too feel pain and pleasure,
234- 305 Porphyry: wrote On Abstinence from Beings with a Soul and on the impropriety of killing living beings for food.
418CE, Siddhartha Gautama: Mahaparinirvana Sutra, a Mahayana Buddhist scripture most likely written in the first century but translated and disseminated in the Middle Ages [24] is purported to be the final teachings of the Buddha on the eve of his death and fiercely rejects the consumption of any meat,
600s, Siddhartha Gautama: The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, written between 350-400 but translated and disseminated in medieval China in the 600s, is another text of Mahayana Buddhism which also speaks out thoroughly against the consumption of animals.
675, Emperor Tenmu: who actually reigned in the middle ages from 673 to 686. In 675, Tenmu banned the consumption of meat due to Buddhist influences.[23] This ban was renewed by succeeding emperors throughout Asuka period of classical civilization.
Neo-Confucianists of the Sung Dynasty (960-1279) and taken even further by Wang Yang-Ming, of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). In China and Asia in the Middle Ages were Taoism and Confucianism. while Confucianism didn’t have any explicit teachings on animals per se, Mencius, an influential follower of Confucius said that kindness or love should be extended to all things daily based upon the fact of the “inability to bear the suffering of others” being a distinguishing characteristic of humans.
Taoism’s founder Lao Tzu taught that everything alive in the universe (plants,animals, people) shared in a universal life-force. Louis Komjathy, states that: “Emphasis on the importance of freedom and wildness for animal flourishing, whether human or “non-human.” Priests and those wanting to purify themselves, however, would adopt and/or maintain a vegetarian diet.
1813, Percy Bysshe Shelley: Published A Vindication of Natural Diet and On the Vegetable System of Diet (1929, posth.).
1824, Lewis Gompertz: Published Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
1840, Arthur Schopenhauer: Published The Basis of Morality
1847, the Vegetarian society: Formation, the ‘vegetable diet’ becomes known as vegetarianism.
1859, Charles Darwin: discovers the theory of evolution, his writing on moral sentiments effect many writers including Huxley who says; "cosmic evolution may teach us how the good and the evil tendencies of man may have come about; but, in itself, it is incompetent to furnish any better reason why what we call good is preferable to what we call evil than we had before."
1860 Ellen G. White: Had a vision of “Wholeness and Health” and so advocated followers practice vegetarianism.
1866 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Founded.
1879, Edward Nicholson: Published Rights of an Animal
1892, Henry Salt: the first treatise on animal rights.
1903, Lizzy Lind af Hageby: Start of Anti-Vivisection campaigning: Brown Dog Affair, Published The Shambles of Science: Extracts from the Diary of Two Students of Physiology
1933, Nazi Party passes comprehensive set of animal protection laws.
1944, Don Watson: veganism is founded.
1963, Development of direct action John Prestige Formed the Hunt Saboteurs Association and Richard D. Ryder the RSPCA Reform Group
1970, Beatles: Popularise Hare Krishna diet with songs like “My Sweet Lord”
1970, the Oxford Group: Founded, Speciesism labelled and a publication arguing for animal rights.
1971, Ronnie Lee: Founds the Animal Liberation Front
1971, Frances Moore Lappé: Publishes Diet for a Small Planet.
1975, Peter Singer: speciesism is applied to utilitarianism.
1977, Bob Marley: Popularises Rastafari Diet with Album Exodus
1980, PETA Founded
1980, Henry Spira: Animal Rights International campaigns start winning
1983, Tom Regan: A deontological argument for animal rights: ‘animals are the subject-of-a-life and possess inherent value’.
1983, McDougall's The McDougall Plan
1987, John Robbins's Diet for a New America
1990, Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease
1995, Gary Francione: ‘the abolitionist approach’ to animal rights emerges.
2001, Melanie Joy: a psychological explanation for meat-eating culture
2003, two major North American dietitians' associations indicated that well-planned vegan diets were suitable for all life stages.[76]
2005, Earthlings
2005, Campbell's The China Study
2005, Rory Freedman and Kim Barnouin's Skinny Bitch
2009, Jonathan Safran Foer's Eating Animals
2011, Forks over Knives
2012, the Cambridge ‘Declaration on Consciousness’ is released.
2010 Gary Yourofsky: Best Speech You Will Ever Hear
____________
Long List of 100
1380–1362 BCE Akhenaten: "known as 'the heretic king' was an Egyptian Pharaoh and pacifist who banned animal sacrifice and traditional Egyptian religion and instituted a religion based on compassion and monotheism. Akhenten believed it to be sinful to take away any life given by Aten, his monotheistic deity."
Approximately 500 B.C.E, the emergence of a philosophy of non-violence called "Ahimsa becomes the concept that describes the highest virtue" in Hinduism, Jainism and soon to influence Buddhism, Taoism and all of South East Asia.
Approximately 500 B.C.E., the Pythagorean diet is practised.
490 BCE birth Empedocles: believed all living things were on the same spiritual plane.
428 or 427 BCE, Plato was born: “The gods created certain kinds of being to replenish our bodies…they are the trees and the plants and the seeds.”
In the Platonic Academy, the scholarchs (school heads), Xenocrates and (probably) Polemon, pleaded for vegetarianism. And in the Peripatetic school Theophrastus, Aristotle’s immediate successor supported it as well.
Some of the prominent Platonists and Neo-Platonists in the age of the roman empire lived on a vegetarian diet including Plutarch, Apollonius of Tyana, Plotinus, and Porphyry.
372-287 BCE, Theophrastus: a Greek biologist and philosopher and student of Aristotle, argued that killing animals for food was wasteful and morally wrong.
334 BCE birth of Zeno of Citium: founder of Stoicism. Some prominent stoics, like Zeno, Ovid, and Seneca refrained from eating animals.
43 BCE, Ovid is born. Pythagorean-influenced Stoic who, in his poem Metamorphoses, pled for people to abandon animal sacrifice and abstain from eating flesh.
BCE-65 CE, Seneca: Influenced by Pythagoras and Epicurus, the Roman philosopher Seneca adopted a vegetarian diet. Seneca denounced the cruelty of the games used by Rome to distract the citizenry.
46 CE Plutarch: Writes On the Eating of Flesh
205 CE Plotinus: taught that all animals too feel pain and pleasure,
216–276 CE Prophet Mani: Founded Manichaeism, among which there was an elite group called Electi, or the chosen, who were lacto-vegetarians and adhered to the strict commandment of nonviolence.
234- 305 Porphyry: wrote On Abstinence from Beings with a Soul and on the impropriety of killing living beings for food.
Saint Anthony who survived solely on bread, salt, and water, and later olives, pulse, oil, and possibly dates. [5] And he lived until the ripe age of 105 years old.[7] Not too shabby for a desert-dwelling vegan monk.
529 and 547, Saint Benedict of Nursia: a Christian monk, wrote The Rule of Saint Benedict, “all except the very weak and the sick abstain altogether from eating the flesh of four-footed animals.”
1181/2-1226, Saint Francis of Assisi: It was said of Saint Francis that “He walked the earth like the pardon of god” rescuing lambs from their fate in the marketplace, rabbits from the hunter’s snare, pleading the case of mistreated creatures before popes and kings.
Aquinas did speak against outright cruelty against animals, but for the sake of humans, not the animals themselves cautioning that “cruel habits might carry over into our treatment of human beings.” [11]
1516, Sir Thomas More: Wrote Utopia, condemns hunting and decried the land use required by the animals products industry, refutation of “Well that’s what we’ve always done.”
Quran “Do not allow your stomachs to become graveyards!”
973–1058, Vegan poet Abul ʿAla Al-Maʿarri: “Do not unjustly eat what the water has given up, [i.e. fish] and do not desire as food the flesh of slaughtered animals,
15th century, Sufi poet Kabir Sahib: “O Muslims, I see you fasting during the day, but then to break your fast you slaughter cows at night. At one end is devotion, at the other murder– How can the lord be pleased?”
Emperor Tenmu, who actually reigned in the middle ages from 673 to 686. In 675, Tenmu banned the consumption of meat due to Buddhist influences.[23] This ban was renewed by succeeding emperors throughout Asuka period of classical civilization.
418CE, Siddhartha Gautama: Mahaparinirvana Sutra, a Mahayana Buddhist scripture most likely written in the first century but translated and disseminated in the Middle Ages [24] is purported to be the final teachings of the Buddha on the eve of his death and fiercely rejects the consumption of any meat,
600s, Siddhartha Gautama: The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, written between 350-400 but translated and disseminated in medieval China in the 600s, is another text of Mahayana Buddhism which also speaks out thoroughly against the consumption of animals.
Neo-Confucianists of the Sung Dynasty (960-1279) and taken even further by Wang Yang-Ming, of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). In China and Asia in the Middle Ages were Taoism and Confucianism. while Confucianism didn’t have any explicit teachings on animals per se, Mencius, an influential follower of Confucius said that kindness or love should be extended to all things daily based upon the fact of the “inability to bear the suffering of others” being a distinguishing characteristic of humans.
Taoism’s founder Lao Tzu taught that everything alive in the universe (plants,animals, people) shared in a universal life-force. Louis Komjathy, states that: “Emphasis on the importance of freedom and wildness for animal flourishing, whether human or “non-human.” Priests and those wanting to purify themselves, however, would adopt and/or maintain a vegetarian diet.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), who Professor Rod Preece posits was “the first of the modern ethical vegetarians, basing his thoughts solely in the ethical realm”
Venitian Luigi Cornaro (1465-1566) whose writing, A Treatise on a Sober Life influenced a great number of individuals including Leonardi Lessio [also known as Lessii or Lessius] (1554-1623) and Dr. Thomas Moffet [also known as Moufet, Mouffet, or Moffet]. (1553-1604). Moffet for one was not purely motivated by health alone, asking in his text Health’s Improvement.
Philip Stubbes (c.1555-c.1610), who in his text Anatomy of Abuses compared the multitude of maladies befallen those who consumed flesh to the health of those who did not;[18] Roger Crab (1621-1680), whose vegetarianism was grounded in Christianity; and Dr. George Cheyne (1671-1743), one of the most esteemed of English physicians, and one of the first medical authorities in this country who expressly wrote in advocacy of the reformed diet.
Bacon was interested in finding the ideal diet based on empirical fact rather than religious dietary taboos. Bacon’s follower, Thomas Bushell (1594-1674), took Bacon’s vegetarian support into full practice, driven by the desire for redemptive purification.[5] Bushell, like Bacon, had to be cautious with his vegetable fervor; in Protestant England, asceticism was still seen as a vestige of Catholicism.
While Bushell was motivated by a religious drive to reverse the acts of Adam by returning to the vegan diet of man before the fall, a belief summarized by Sir John Pettus’ (1613-1695) assertion that, “We multiply Adam’s transgression by our continued eating of other creatures, which were not then allowed to us,”
1466-1536, Desiderius Erasmus: wrote against the number of slaughtered and gluttony.“
1564-1616, Shakespeare: expressed compassion for hunted animals, trapped birds, overworked horses, and even beetles, flies and snails in various works. For example, in “Measure for Measure,” he afforded equal validity to a beetle’s experience of pain, stating, “the poor beetle what we tread upon, In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great, As when a giant dies.”
1533-1592, Philosopher Michel Eyquem de Montaigne wrote, “For my part I have never been able to see, without displeasure, an innocent and defenseless animal, from whom we receive no offense or harm, pursued and slaughtered.”
1592-1644, Poet Francis Quarles: wrote succinctly of the body count left by man’s appetite.
1592-1655, Pierre Gassendi : French physicist and philosopher wrote “Indeed, is it that man is sustained on flesh. But how many things, let me ask, does man do every day which are contrary to, or beside, his nature?”
1620-1706, John Evelyn: wrote of “The infinitely wise and glorious author of nature, who has given to plants such astonishing properties; such fiery heat in some to warm and cherish. . .”
1623-1673, Margaret Cavendish: The Duchess of Newcastle, who wrote plays, poetry, and essays on science, philosophy and nature, and was one of first female authors to be printed.
1627-1704, Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet: French Bishop and Theologian harkened back to the days before the Biblical fall of man to again highlight how much humans must disguise animal products in order to consume them.
1627-1705, John Ray: English naturalist wrote “There is no doubt, that man is not built to be a carnivorous animal [as] hunt and voracity are unnatural to him.”
1661-1737, Philippe Hecquet: Doctor and medical reformer who served almost exclusively the poor, only seeing the wealthy when forced, pointed out the obvious examples in nature of the power of plant-based eating in answer to those who doubted such a diet could sustain strength.
1634-1703, Thomas Tryon: an English merchant, author and passionate vegetarian.[5] With a basis in his religious beliefs, Tryon spoke to the ethics of consuming animals, saying: “Refrain at all times from such Foods as cannot be procured without violence and oppression,”
1813, Percy Bysshe Shelley: Published A Vindication of Natural Diet and On the Vegetable System of Diet (1929, posth.).
1824, Lewis Gompertz: Published Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
1840, Arthur Schopenhauer: Published The Basis of Morality
1847, the Vegetarian society: Formation, the ‘vegetable diet’ becomes known as vegetarianism.
1859, Charles Darwin: the theory of evolution implies that humans are not distinct from animals.
1860 Ellen G. White: Had a vision of “Wholeness and Health” and so advocated followers practice vegetarianism.
1866 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Founded.
1879, Edward Nicholson: Published Rights of an Animal
1892, Henry Salt: the first treatise on animal rights.
1903, Lizzy Lind af Hageby: Start of Anti-Vivisection campaigning: Brown Dog Affair, Published The Shambles of Science: Extracts from the Diary of Two Students of Physiology
1931, Mahatma Gandhi lecture on vegetarianism at the Society in London
1933, Nazi Party passes comprehensive set of animal protection laws.
1944, Don Watson: veganism is founded.
1963, Development of direct action John Prestige Formed the Hunt Saboteurs Association and Richard D. Ryder the RSPCA Reform Group
1970, Beatles: Popularise Hare Krishna diet with songs like “My Sweet Lord”
1970, the Oxford Group: Founded, Speciesism labelled and a publication arguing for animal rights.
1971, Ronnie Lee: Founds the Animal Liberation Front
1971, Frances Moore Lappé: Publishes Diet for a Small Planet.
1975, Peter Singer: speciesism is applied to utilitarianism.
1977, Bob Marley: Popularises Rastafari Diet with Album Exodus
1980, PETA Founded
1980, Henry Spira: Animal Rights International campaigns start winning
1983, Tom Regan: A deontological argument for animal rights: ‘animals are the subject-of-a-life and possess inherent value’.
1983, McDougall's The McDougall Plan
1987, John Robbins's Diet for a New America
1990, Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease
1995, Gary Francione: ‘the abolitionist approach’ to animal rights emerges.
2001, Melanie Joy: a psychological explanation for meat-eating culture
2003, two major North American dietitians' associations indicated that well-planned vegan diets were suitable for all life stages.[76]
2005, Earthlings
2005, Campbell's The China Study
2005, Rory Freedman and Kim Barnouin's Skinny Bitch
2009, Jonathan Safran Foer's Eating Animals
2010 Gary Yourofsky: Best Speech You Will Ever Hear
2011, Forks over Knives
2012, the Cambridge ‘Declaration on Consciousness’ is released.
2014 Cowspiracy
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Alicia Silverstone – The Kind Life
Fiona Oakes – Tower Hill Stables Animal Sanctuary and is a patron of the Captive Animals Protection Society.
Philip Wollen – KindnessProduction & Kindness Trust
____________
Descriptions/Sources
http://alwa.org.au/animal-ethics/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism#Increasing_interest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rights
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-animal/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXlR8if5hok&list=PLmIqdlomtuSvjj5OqnILWQbXEJlFNmE_2
http://bitesizevegan.com/tag/the-history-of-veganism/
http://www.ivu.org/history/
http://www.happycow.net/blog/category/vegetarian-history/
https://theveganoption.org/vegetarian-history/
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